Varieties of Coffee: Nilgiris primarily cultivates two main coffee varieties – Arabica and Robusta. Arabica beans are known for their delicate flavor, acidity, and aromatic qualities, while Robusta beans are known for their boldness, body, and higher caffeine content.
Geographical Advantage: The Nilgiri Hills are situated at an altitude ranging from 2,000 to 6,000 feet above sea level. The high elevation, coupled with misty mornings and cool temperatures, creates a favorable microclimate for coffee cultivation. The abundant rainfall and well-drained soil further contribute to the region’s suitability for coffee production.
Plantation and Harvesting: Coffee plantations in Nilgiris typically follow a shade-grown method, where the coffee plants are cultivated under the shade of tall trees. This helps maintain moisture, regulate temperature, and preserve the ecological balance of the region. The coffee cherries are harvested by hand, ensuring that only ripe cherries are picked for processing.
Processing: After harvesting, the coffee cherries undergo processing to extract the coffee beans. The two primary methods used are the “washed” method and the “dry” or “natural” method. The washed method involves removing the outer skin and pulp from the cherries before fermenting and washing the beans. In the dry method, the cherries are dried whole, allowing the beans to absorb flavors from the fruit during the drying process.
Roasting: Once the coffee beans are processed, they are usually roasted to enhance their flavors and aromas. Roasting is a crucial step that requires skill and precision to bring out the desired characteristics of the coffee. Nilgiris is home to several specialty coffee roasters who carefully roast the beans to unlock their unique flavors.
Quality and Certification: The coffee produced in Nilgiris is known for its high quality and has received several certifications, including Geographical Indication (GI) status. GI certification ensures that the coffee is grown, processed, and produced within the defined geographical region, showcasing its distinct qualities and protecting its reputation.
Sustainable Practices: Many coffee plantations in Nilgiris follow sustainable farming practices. This includes implementing organic farming techniques, conserving water resources, promoting biodiversity, and supporting the welfare of local communities. Such initiatives aim to preserve the natural ecosystem while producing environmentally-friendly and socially responsible coffee.
Nilgiris’ rich coffee heritage, coupled with its breathtaking natural beauty, attracts coffee enthusiasts and tourists from around the world. Exploring the coffee estates, witnessing the production process, and savoring the delightful flavors of Nilgiri coffee make for a truly immersive experience in this coffee paradise.